Service Fees (JKP) vs Spare Parts (BKP) & Article 23 Withholding
Workshops servicing corporate vehicle fleets or handling insurance claims bill both labor repair fees and replacement parts. The tax base for parts is the selling price (VAT Law Article 1(17) and 1(18)), while repair service is the consideration (VAT Law Article 1(17) and 1(19)). Corporate clients must withhold Article 23 income tax at 2% on vehicle maintenance fees under PMK No. 141/PMK.03/2015 Article 1(6)(an). That withholding reduces the cash received, not the tax base on the VAT invoice.